|
Development Indicators
| Table 1: Key Development Indicators |
|
Indicators |
Values |
Year |
| Estimated Population Size |
85.5 million |
2005 |
| Population Size |
76,498,735 |
2000 |
| Population Growth Rate |
2.11% |
2000-2005 |
| Human Development Index (HDI), HDI Rank |
0.753 |
2002 |
| Gender Development Index (GDI), GDI Rank |
0.751, 66th |
2002 |
| GDP per Capita (US$) |
1,025.98 |
2004 |
| NG Tax Revenue/ GDP |
12.34% |
2004 |
| Investment/GNP |
15.89% |
2004 |
| Total Outstanding NG Debt/GDP |
76.99% |
2004 |
| Public Debt (% of GDP) |
101% |
2003 |
| External Debt (% of GNP) |
61.9% |
2004 |
| Social Sector Expenditures (as % of total Expenditure) |
42.81% |
2003 |
| Share of poorest quintile in income or consumption |
4.7% |
2003 |
| Share of richest quintile in income or consumption |
53.3 |
2003 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth (in Years) |
|
|
| Male |
67.2 |
2003 |
| Female |
72.5 |
2003 |
| Unemployment rate |
10.9% |
2004 |
| Underemployment rate |
16.9% |
2004 |
| Poverty headcounts ratio (% of families below national poverty line; preliminary) |
24.7% |
2003 |
| Percent of population with access to safe water supply |
80% |
2002 |
| Proportion of underweight children (0-5 years old) |
32% |
2003 |
|
Population
The Philippines has an estimated population of 85.5 million. Growing annually at 2.11
percent, the population is projected to reach 102.8 million by 2015. As of the 2000
census, the country had a population density of 255 persons per square kilometer.
Sixty percent of the population lives in urban areas (UNFPA, 2001), with a third of the
total population living in the National Capital Region (NCR) and the adjacent Southern
Tagalog Region. The NCR is the country's most densely populated region, with an
average density of 16,091 persons per square kilometer.
Rapid population growth puts stress on the country's economic resources, slowing
down economic growth and development. This negatively affects the delivery of social
and health services, including those that directly affect HIV and AIDS prevention and
care. Moreover, people often fail to see that rapid population growth has contributed to
widespread unemployment in the Philippines, forcing many Filipinos to work overseas,
where they often face risks for HIV.
Income, Poverty and Employment
On average, Filipino households have an annual income of PhP 148,616, or less than
US$ 3,000. According to the 2003 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), 24.7
percent of Filipino families are poor. Using the World Bank international poverty line of
US$1 per day, there is a slight decrease in the proportion of the population living below
the poverty line (11.1 percent in 2003 compared with 13.5 percent in 2000; MDG).
| Table 2: Average Annual Family Income 2003 |
|
|
|
Income in Pesos |
| Philippines |
|
148,616 |
| NCR |
National Capital Region |
274,529 |
| CAR |
Cordillera Autonomous Region |
157,045 |
| Region 1 |
Ilocos Region |
102,596 |
| Region 2 |
Cagayan Valley |
97,945 |
| Region 3 |
Central Luzon |
136,548 |
| Region 4 |
Southern Luzon |
159,267 |
| Region 5 |
Bicol Region |
80,732 |
| Region 6 |
Western Visayas |
93,666 |
| Region 7 |
Central Visayas |
100,168 |
| Region 8 |
Eastern Visayas |
83,459 |
| Region 9 |
Western Mindanao |
76,805 |
| Region 10 |
Northern Mindanao |
89,592 |
| Region 11 |
Southern Mindanao |
97,505 |
| Region 12 |
Socsargen |
86,376 |
| Region 13 |
Caraga |
75,899 |
| ARMM |
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao |
68,212 |
|
| Table 3: Regional Poverty Incidence, by Family (in percent) 2003 |
|
|
|
Poverty Incidence
(in percent) |
| Philippines |
|
24.7 |
| NCR |
National Capital Region |
5.0 |
| CAR |
Cordillera Autonomous Region |
24.8 |
| Region 1 |
Ilocos Region |
24.4 |
| Region 2 |
Cagayan Valley |
19.3 |
| Region 3 |
Central Luzon |
13.7 |
| Region 4-A |
Southern Tagalog - A |
14.9 |
| Region 4-B |
Southern Tagalog - B |
39.7 |
| Region 5 |
Bicol Region |
40.5 |
| Region 6 |
Western Visayas |
31.3 |
| Region 7 |
Central Visayas |
23.7 |
| Region 8 |
Eastern Visayas |
35.5 |
| Region 9 |
Zamboanga Peninsula |
44.1 |
| Region 10 |
Northern Mindanao |
37.9 |
| Region 11 |
Southern Mindanao |
28.1 |
| Region 12 |
Socsargen |
32.0 |
| Region 13 |
Caraga |
47.3 |
| ARMM |
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao |
45.7 |
|
In 2003, the poverty level in rural areas was higher at 36.3 percent compared with 12.7
percent in urban areas. Table 4 reveals a wide disparity of poverty incidence across
the country. In Metro Manila, five percent of households live below the poverty line
while Caraga has 47.3 percent of its households as poor.
In 2005, minimum wages were raised so the range now is from PhP170 to PhP300 a
day depending on the region.
| Table 4: Minimum Wage Rates (As of June 2005) |
|
|
Nominal Wage*
(for non-agricultural workers) |
| NCR |
300.00 |
| CAR |
205.00 |
| Region 1 |
200.00 |
| Region 2 |
193.00 |
| Region 3 |
243.00 |
| Region 4-A |
255.00 |
| Region 4-B |
196.00 |
| Region 5 |
194.00 |
| Region 6 |
190.00 |
| Region 7 |
208.00 |
| Region 8 |
195.00 |
| Region 9 |
180.00 |
| Region 10 |
202.00 |
| Region 11 |
209.00 |
| Region 12 |
200.00 |
| Region 13 |
189.00 |
| ARMM |
170.00 |
|
| *Highest Nominal Wage January-June 2005 |
As of 2004, unemployment remained high at 11 percent despite the 3.2 million jobs
generated from 2001 to 2004. This indicates that the number of jobs generated had not
been adequate to accommodate the influx of labor entrants. Moreover, underemployment
seems to present a more serious problem at 17 percent in 2004.
Overseas employment has become the only option for many Filipinos seeking a decent
life. A shortage of available jobs in the country has pushed an estimated seven million
Filipinos to work overseas. Not only poor people are pushed into migration but also
professionals seeking better opportunities. Since 2000, there has been a steady
increase in the number of health professionals deciding to work abroad. The escalating
migration of health professionals has serious implications to the country's health care
system.
The increasing number of returning overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) who are HIV
positive reveal that migrant workers are at great risk for HIV infection at various stages
of the migration cycle. Studies have shown that low condom use, lack of access to
information and health care services, inability to adapt to new environment, and difficult
working conditions contribute to migrant workers' vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. The
DOH reports that 33 percent of Filipinos infected with HIV are OFWs.
Literacy and Education
The Philippines continues to have a high simple literacy rate of 93.9 percent as of
2003, with only a slight difference between males and females; however, the functional
literacy rate is only 85.1 percent. Literacy rates are higher in the urban areas, as people
have more access to education compared with people in the rural areas. Metro Manila
posts the highest literacy rate at 99.1 percent, while Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM) has the lowest with only 70.7 percent.
Although literacy rates are high, completion rates in schools across the country are still
low. The Department of Education reports that only 66.85 percent of those who begin
elementary education actually get to finish it (elementary education in the Philippines
has six grades). The situation is worse in ARMM where only 42.91 percent of those
who begin Grade One actually get to finish Grade Six.
Survey results from the 2003 NDHS reveal that education is a notable variable in
acquiring accurate knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention. Those who
are better educated are more likely to have correct knowledge than those who are less
educated. To illustrate, 44.3 percent of those who correctly rejected two most common
misconceptions on HIV and AIDS have reached college while only 24.4 percent of
those who reached elementary got the answers right. The number of years one stays
in school is crucial in instilling HIV and AIDS prevention and education.
Source : Philippines 2005 HIV AIDS Country Profile HAIN PNAC UNAIDS Philippines
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